Topics

Present

Past

Past to Present

Future

Abilities - Responsibilities

Asking Questions

Choosing the Right Phrase

Combining Verbs

Explaining Ideas

Describing Your World

Complex Ideas

Relating Ideas, People, Objects

Speaking about Objects

Wondering about Situations

Giving Reasons

Adverb Clauses

Adverb clauses show cause and effect relationships. Adverb clauses can either begin a sentence, or end a sentence. If the adverb clause begins the sentence, place a comma after the adverb clause. No comma is necessary if the adverb clause finishes the sentence.

Because

An adverb clause with 'because' provides the reason for the action taken in the main clause. Adverb clauses with 'because' generally end a sentence. However, they can also begin a sentence.

Examples:

This item looks suspicious because, as per invoice, the item was priced over $1000.

We did not post a bid because we were unable to secure corporate resolution.

Since

'Since' has the same meaning as 'because'.

An adverb clause with 'since' provides the reason for the action taken in the main clause. Adverb clauses with 'since' generally end a sentence. However, they can also begin a sentence.

Examples:

You must be alert since this is the time to invest.

They feel constricted since the controlling company has complete authority over their business.

Prepositions

Because of

Adverb cases beginning with 'because of' are followed by a noun or noun phrase. Adverb clauses with 'because of' generally end a sentence. However, they can also begin a sentence.

Examples:

Anderson has been put on consignment because of his lack of organizational skills.

Because of the increased borrowing rate, application totals have decreased.

Due to

Adverb cases beginning with 'due to' are followed is followed by a noun or noun phrase. Adverb clauses with 'due to' generally end a sentence. However, they can also begin a sentence.

Examples:

Due to the high rate of crime the NYPD is hiring people to operate under separate cover to infiltrate businesses being run by the Mafia.

Due to the lack of needed funds, the company had to lay off ten people