Topics

Present

Past

Past to Present

Future

Abilities - Responsibilities

Asking Questions

Choosing the Right Phrase

Combining Verbs

Explaining Ideas

Describing Your World

Complex Ideas

Relating Ideas, People, Objects

Speaking about Objects

Wondering about Situations

What Had Already Happened

Past Perfect

The past perfect expresses an action that had finished before another action took place in the past. The past perfect is often used to provide reasons for making a decision in the past.

Example:

The subsidiary had been announced before they asked for it.

She hadn't had time to act on behalf of Jim before she made the presentation.

I had already agreed to the terms before they offered the additional collateral.

Positive Form:

Subject + had + past participle + (object(s))

I had already seen the net assets before he announced them to the group.

Negative Form:

Subject + had + not + past participle + (object(s))

They hadn't come up with enough votes before they protested the bill.

Question Form:

(Question Word) + have + subject + past participle?

How long had you told her to be held responsible for her own account records before she asked for the promotion?