Topics

Present

Past

Past to Present

Future

Abilities - Responsibilities

Asking Questions

Choosing the Right Phrase

Combining Verbs

Explaining Ideas

Describing Your World

Complex Ideas

Relating Ideas, People, Objects

Speaking about Objects

Wondering about Situations

Future Accomplishments

Future Perfect

The future perfect expresses what will have occurred up to a specific point of time in the future.

Positive Form:

Subject + will + have + participle form of verb + (object(s))

He will have finished writing his cyberpunk novel by the time the deadline arrives.

Negative Form:

Subject + will + not + have + participle form of verb + (object(s))

Mary won't have lived in cyberspace for very long before the Singularity happens.

Question Form:

(Question Word) + will + subject + have + participle form of verb?

How much data will they have lost by this time next year?

Examples of What Will Have Happened

Bill will have debugged the program by tonight.

How much data will they have lost by this time next year?

They will have eliminated the lag by the time they upgrade the system.

Stephen will have hacked the database by tomorrow morning.

Time expressions: 'By' and 'By the ..'

It is important to express the point in time in the future by when something will have happened with the future perfect. Here are the two most common time expressions used with the future perfect form:

By + date or time

…by Tuesday.
… by 2003.
…by the end of next week.

By the time + clause

…by the time we finish this class
…by the time you receive this letter

Sigmund will have learned all the legalese he needs by next month.

Jung will have logged off the system by tomorrow morning.

Bill will have debugged the program by tonight.