Topics

Present

Past

Past to Present

Future

Abilities - Responsibilities

Asking Questions

Choosing the Right Phrase

Combining Verbs

Explaining Ideas

Describing Your World

Complex Ideas

Relating Ideas, People, Objects

Speaking about Objects

Wondering about Situations

What Had Already Happened

Past Perfect

The past perfect expresses an action that had finished before another action took place in the past. The past perfect is often used to provide reasons for making a decision in the past.

Example:

I had already organized the files alphanumerically before the boss announced the new organizing strategy.

She hadn't had time to ping iTunes before a listener downloaded the podcast.

I had already set up anti-phishing protocol before the conman called.

Positive Form:

Subject + had + past participle + (object(s))

I had already organized the files alphanumerically before the boss announced the new organizing strategy.

Negative Form:

Subject + had + not + past participle + (object(s))

She hadn't installed the anti-virus software before downloading files off the internet.

Question Form:

(Question Word) + have + subject + past participle?

Had you archived the files to a the long-term storage medium before you emailed them to Tom?