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Present

Past

Past to Present

Future

Abilities - Responsibilities

Asking Questions

Choosing the Right Phrase

Combining Verbs

Explaining Ideas

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Relating Ideas, People, Objects

Speaking about Objects

Wondering about Situations

Recent Events

Present Perfect

Present perfect for recent events:

The present perfect connects the past to the present moment. It is used to express an effect on the present moment. The time expressions 'just', 'yet' and 'already' are often used to express this relationship to the present moment in time.

Example:

The stakeholder has already read the portfolio.

We've just started using the decision tree tool.

The watchdog agency has been awarded the Civic Achievement Award twice.

Already

Place 'already' directly before the past participle. 'Already' is used in positive sentences.

Subject + have + already + past participle + (object(s))

Peter has already completed the decision making process report.

Yet

Place 'yet' at the end of a negative sentence or question.

Subject + have + not + past participle + (object(s)) + yet

She hasn't finished the report on stereotyping in the workplace yet.

Have + subject + past participle + (object(s)) + yet?

Have they achieved the desired outcome yet?

Just

Place 'just' directly before the participle form to express that something has occurred recently. 'Just' is used in positive sentences.

Subject + have + just + past participle + (object(s))

He's just revised what's considered standard lobbying techniques.

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