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Clauses

A clause can be defined as a phrase which contains bot a subject and a verb. There are a number of different types of clauses:

Independent Clause

An independent clause can be used as a complete sentence. It contains the subject and the verb of a sentence. It is also sometimes called the main clause.

Examples (independent clauses in bold):

He's self-employed which can be difficult at times.
They made a service call where they had been the month before.

Dependent Clause

A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be used together with an independent clause to make sense.

Examples (dependent clauses in bold):

I assembled the parts which were recalled by the company.
She took down the conference exhibit which won a prize.

Relative Clause

A relative clause is a dependant clause that modifies a noun. It gives additional information, identifies or describes a noun. Relative clauses are also called adjective clauses.

Examples (relative clauses in bold):

The employees who were hired last month helped improve profits.
I'm looking for the report that was on the table.

Key Vocabulary

assembly - the putting together a product made of many different parts
cash register - the machine which collects money and produces receipts in a shop
display - a showcase of a shop's merchandise.
duty - responsibility
improperly - in an incorrect manner
maintenance - the keeping in order of equipment
manufacturer's specifications - detailed instructions provided by the manufacturer
mindful - paying attention to detail
planogram - design for an assembly line
product category - type of merchandise
properly -in a correct manner
restocking - to supply goods or merchandise that have been sold off the shelves
self-employed - to be one's own boss, not work for another person
service call - a visit to a customer for maintenance or repair
to assemble (pass. assembled / p.p. assembled) - to put together
to incur (pass. incurred / p.p. incurred) - to cause
to resolve (pass. resolved / p.p. resolved) - to decide
to set up (pass. set / p.p. set) - to construct a display or device
to take down (pass. took / p.p. taken) - to disassemble a display or device
wisdom - experience and intelligence gathered with age

Exercises

Assembly

Steve: We're going to have to install some new equipment which will help us speed up assembly.
Thomas: I didn't realise we were going to add assembly to our duties.

Steve: Well, in the past we've outsourced. However, Phillip, who is responsible for the expansion, decided we needed to do a limited amount of assembly, too.
Thomas: I don't understand which type of assembly you mean. Are we actually going to be making the products which will be sold?

Steve: Of course not. We're just going to be taking care of some of the furniture assembly.
Thomas: Why do we want to do that?

Steve: Products that are improperly assembled account for more than 50% of all returns in certain product categories.
Thomas: That's very interesting. I didn't realise it was such a problem.

Steve: As a matter of fact, it's so problematic that we've decided we need to hire some workers whose only responsibility will be to assemble according to manufacturer's specifications.
Thomas: What is the expected return of all this focus on assembly?

Steve: The thinking goes like this: Products that are completely assembled offer an added convenience to customers and present our products at their best which, in turn, increases spending.
Thomas: This expansion is really changing the way we do business!

Helping Hands Inc.

Helping Hands Ltd. is a 21-year old company, servicing retail accounts throughout California. We have established ourselves as a leader in the service industry by focusing on quality assembly and service at competitive prices. Our in store support program includes the assembly and repair of bikes, furniture, grills, lawn and garden and exercise equipment.

We also provide merchandising services such as restocking, planograms creation, and the set up and maintenance of displays. Helping Hands Inc. is a full service company, which completed over 10,000 service calls last year, meeting the needs of retail accounts throughout the the great state of California.

Listening

Listen to this description of a typical Book-by-Us customer.

Quiz

This exercise checks your understanding of materials found on this page, as well as the listening comprehension.

Lingofeeds Practice Pages

These pages are available for practice while Lingofeeds builds out its beta professional English course.

Gerund or Infinitive Forms - Marketing and Business
Giving Instructions - Banking and Shipping
Future Forms - Telecommunications
Daily Routines - Commerce
Expressing Agreement - Information Technology
Clauses - Production and Manufacturing
Passive Voice - Marketing
Reported Speech - Presentations